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  <center|Version 1.3, 3 November 2008>

  Copyright \<copyright\> 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software
  Foundation, Inc. \<less\><hlink|https://fsf.org/|https://fsf.org/>\<gtr\>

  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
  license document, but changing it is not allowed.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection0>0. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Preamble>>

  The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  functional and useful document \Pfree\Q in the sense of freedom: to assure
  everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
  modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this
  License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for
  their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made
  by others.

  This License is a kind of \Pcopyleft\Q, which means that derivative works
  of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements
  the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for
  free software.

  We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
  should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
  does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
  for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
  published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
  works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection1>1. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Applicability
  and definitions>>

  This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
  contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
  distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
  world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
  under the conditions stated herein. The \PDocument\Q, below, refers to any
  such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
  addressed as \Pyou\Q. You accept the license if you copy, modify or
  distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

  A \PModified Version\Q of the Document means any work containing the
  Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications
  and/or translated into another language.

  A \PSecondary Section\Q is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
  the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers
  or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
  matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
  subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a
  Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could
  be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related
  matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political
  position regarding them.

  The \PInvariant Sections\Q are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
  designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
  that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit
  the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated
  as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the
  Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

  The \PCover Texts\Q are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
  Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
  Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most
  5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

  A \PTransparent\Q copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
  represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
  public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with
  generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint
  programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that
  is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a
  variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
  otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
  been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is
  not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
  substantial amount of text. A copy that is not \PTransparent\Q is called
  \POpaque\Q.

  Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
  without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using
  a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript
  or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image
  formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
  formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
  SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
  available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
  some word processors for output purposes only.

  The \PTitle Page\Q means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus
  such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this
  License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do
  not have any title page as such, \PTitle Page\Q means the text near the
  most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of
  the body of the text.

  The \Ppublisher\Q means any person or entity that distributes copies of the
  Document to the public.

  A section \PEntitled XYZ\Q means a named subunit of the Document whose
  title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text
  that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific
  section name mentioned below, such as\P`Acknowledgements\Q,
  \PDedications\Q, \PEndorsements\Q, or \PHistory\Q.) To \PPreserve the
  Title\Q of such a section when you modify the Document means that it
  remains a section \PEntitled XYZ\Q according to this definition.

  The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
  states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
  Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but
  only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these
  Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of
  this License.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection2>2. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Verbatim
  copying>>

  You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
  or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
  the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are
  reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever
  to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
  control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
  distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If
  you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
  conditions in section 3.

  You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
  may publicly display copies.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection3>3. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Copying in
  quantity>>

  If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
  printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
  Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies
  in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
  Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
  cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
  publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with
  all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other
  material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the
  covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
  these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

  If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
  you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
  actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

  If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
  than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
  with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
  computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
  access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
  Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
  latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
  distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
  copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
  year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through
  your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

  It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
  Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
  them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection4>4. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Modifications>>

  You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
  conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
  Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
  filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
  modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
  addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

  <\enumerate-Alpha>
    <item>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
    should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
    Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
    original publisher of that version gives permission.

    <item>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
    together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all
    of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release
    you from this requirement.

    <item>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
    Version, as the publisher.

    <item>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

    <item>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
    to the other copyright notices.

    <item>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms
    of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

    <item>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
    Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.

    <item>Include an unaltered copy of this License.

    <item>Preserve the section Entitled \PHistory\Q, Preserve its Title, and
    add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is
    no section Entitled \PHistory\Q in the Document, create one stating the
    title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title
    Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
    previous sentence.

    <item>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
    network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
    based on. These may be placed in the \PHistory\Q section. You may omit a
    network location for a work that was published at least four years before
    the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it
    refers to gives permission.

    <item>For any section Entitled \PAcknowledgements\Q or \PDedications\Q,
    Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
    substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
    dedications given therein.

    <item>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
    their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
    considered part of the section titles.

    <item>Delete any section Entitled \PEndorsements\Q. Such a section may
    not be included in the Modified Version.

    <item>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled \PEndorsements\Q
    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

    <item>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
  </enumerate-Alpha>

  If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
  that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
  Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as
  invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections
  in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct
  from any other section titles.

  You may add a section Entitled \PEndorsements\Q, provided it contains
  nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties\Vfor
  example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an
  organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

  You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
  passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
  Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
  and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
  by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
  same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
  entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
  replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
  that added the old one.

  The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
  permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
  endorsement of any Modified Version.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection5>5. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Combining
  documents>>

  You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
  License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
  provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
  of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
  Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
  you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

  The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
  identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
  are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
  make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
  parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
  if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
  titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
  combined work.

  In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled \PHistory\Q in
  the various original documents, forming one section Entitled \PHistory\Q;
  likewise combine any sections Entitled \PAcknowledgement\Q, and any
  sections Entitled \PDedications\Q. You must delete all sections Entitled
  \PEndorsement\Q.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection6>6. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Collections of
  documents>>

  You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
  released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
  License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
  collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
  copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

  You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
  individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
  into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
  regarding verbatim copying of that document.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection7>7. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Aggregation
  with independent works>>

  A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
  independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
  distribution medium, is called an \Paggregate\Q if the copyright resulting
  from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the
  compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the
  Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the
  other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of
  the Document.

  If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
  the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
  aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
  the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
  if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on
  printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection8>8. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Translation>>

  Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
  translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
  Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
  copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
  Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
  Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
  license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
  that you also include the original English version of this License and the
  original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
  disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
  License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

  If a section in the Document is Entitled \PAcknowledgements\Q,
  \PDedications\Q, or \PHistory\Q, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
  its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection9>9. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Termination>>

  You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
  expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
  modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
  terminate your rights under this License.

  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from
  a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and
  until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license,
  and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the
  violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
  permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
  reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
  violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
  you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
  licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
  License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
  reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
  give you any rights to use it.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection10>10. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Future
  revisions of this license>>

  The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
  Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
  similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
  address new problems or concerns. See <hlink|https://www.gnu.org/licenses/|https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

  Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
  the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
  \Por any later version\Q applies to it, you have the option of following
  the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later
  version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
  Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this
  License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
  Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide
  which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy's public
  statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose
  that version for the Document.

  <section*|<label|fdlsection11>11. <with|font-shape|small-caps|Relicensing>>

  \PMassive Multiauthor Collaboration Site\Q (or \PMMC Site\Q) means any
  World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides
  prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that
  anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A \PMassive Multiauthor
  Collaboration\Q (or \PMMC\Q) contained in the site means any set of
  copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.

  \PCC-BY-SA\Q means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license
  published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation
  with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as
  future copyleft versions of that license published by that same
  organization.

  \PIncorporate\Q means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in
  part, as part of another Document.

  An MMC is \Peligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
  License, and if all works that were first published under this License
  somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in
  part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2)
  were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.

  The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
  under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided
  the MMC is eligible for relicensing.

  <section*|<label|fdladdendum><with|font-shape|small-caps|Addendum>: How to
  use this License for your documents>

  To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
  License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
  just after the title page:

  <\code>
    \ \ \ \ Copyright (C) \ YEAR \ YOUR NAME.

    \ \ \ \ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
    document

    \ \ \ \ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version
    1.3

    \ \ \ \ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;

    \ \ \ \ with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
    Back-Cover Texts.

    \ \ \ \ A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU

    \ \ \ \ Free Documentation License".
  </code>

  If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
  replace the \Pwith \<ldots\> Texts.\Q line with this:

  <\code>
    \ \ \ \ with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the

    \ \ \ \ Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being
    LIST.
  </code>

  If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
  combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
  situation.

  If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
  releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
  license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in
  free software.
</body>

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